Estimated autistic kids vs. BCBAs, RBTs and ABA practices, for any U.S. zip code.
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Est. autistic kids0
BCBAs0
RBTs / techs0
ABA organizations0Practices with an NPI here
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Place
Est. kids
BCBAs
RBTs
Orgs
Kids per BCBA
Who does what in ABA
Four BACB credentials, what it takes to earn each one, and which services each can deliver. Requirements shown are BACB rules as of November 2026, including changes that start January 1, 2027.
Doctoral designation
BCBA-D
A BCBA who also holds a qualifying doctorate.
Education
BCBA certification plus a doctoral degree in behavior analysis or a related field.
Scope
Same certification and scope of practice as a BCBA. The doctorate adds research, teaching and leadership credibility, not extra clinical privileges.
Supervision
Practices independently. Can supervise BCaBAs, RBTs and BCBA trainees.
Independent practitioner
BCBA
Board Certified Behavior Analyst. Leads assessment, writes and adjusts treatment plans, trains caregivers, supervises the team.
Education
Master's or higher. From Jan 2027: an accredited ABA program (Pathway 1) or any master's plus 315 hours of behavior-analytic coursework (Pathway 2, ending 2032).
Every 2 years: 32 CEUs, including 4 ethics and 4 supervision (if supervising).
Assistant level
BCaBA
Board Certified Assistant Behavior Analyst. Does much of the BCBA's work, always under a BCBA.
Education
Bachelor's or higher. From Jan 2027: an accredited degree (Pathway 1) or any bachelor's plus 270 hours of coursework (Pathway 2).
Fieldwork
1,300 supervised hours (5%) or 800 concentrated hours (10%).
Exam
BCaBA exam, 6th edition Test Content Outline.
Supervision
Must have a BCBA supervisor on record: 5% of service hours, at least monthly, with a quarterly client observation. Can supervise RBTs.
Renewal
Every 2 years: 20 CEUs, including 4 ethics and 3 supervision (if supervising).
Paraprofessional
RBT
Registered Behavior Technician. Delivers most of the hands-on therapy hours, following the plan a BCBA writes.
Education
Age 18+, high school diploma, criminal and abuse-registry background checks.
Training
40-hour course meeting 2026 requirements (3rd edition outline), plus an Initial Competency Assessment.
Exam
RBT exam: 85 questions, 90 minutes, pass/fail.
Supervision
5% of service hours each month, two real-time contacts, one observed with a client. Supervisor must be a BCBA or BCaBA. Cannot practice independently or as a 1099 contractor.
Renewal
Annual competency check through 2026. From 2027: every 2 years with 12 professional development hours.
Services and who delivers them
These are the standard ABA service types insurers recognize. BCaBA billing depends on the payer and the state.
Service
What it is
BCBA / BCBA-D
BCaBA
RBT
Initial behavior assessment
Evaluation with the child and caregivers to identify behaviors and build the treatment plan
Performs
Under BCBA
No
Follow-up observational assessment
Structured observation and data collection that feeds the assessment
Directs
Directs
Delivers
Severe behavior assessment
Assessment of harmful behavior in a controlled setting, usually with two or more techs
On site, directs
Under BCBA
Delivers
1:1 therapy by protocol
Direct therapy hours following the written plan. The bulk of billed ABA time
Can deliver
Can deliver
Delivers
Group therapy by protocol
Protocol-based therapy for a small group (up to 8)
Can deliver
Can deliver
Delivers
Protocol modification
Clinician adjusts the plan with the child present, often while training the RBT
Performs
Under BCBA
No
Severe behavior treatment
Treatment of harmful behavior with a modified protocol and two or more techs
On site, directs
Under BCBA
Delivers
Social skills group
Clinician-led group (up to 8) focused on social skills
Performs
Under BCBA
No
Parent / caregiver training
Guidance for caregivers without the child present
Performs
Under BCBA
No
Multi-family group training
Caregiver guidance for up to 8 families at once
Performs
Under BCBA
No
RBT supervision
Required monthly supervision and observation of each RBT
Performs
Performs
No
Coming in 2027
CMS proposed six new ABA service types for 2027 (final rule expected November 2026): separate billing for assessing and treating harmful behavior with two techs, for each additional tech, for BCBA work done away from the child (data review, treatment decisions, tech training, discharge planning), and for BCBA-delivered 1:1 treatment with analysis.
Insurance billing codes for each service will be added to this tab.
State licensure can add requirements on top of BACB certification. Many states license behavior analysts, and some register technicians.
Where the data comes from
Every figure is built from three public U.S. government sources plus BACB's published certificant totals. The data covers all 34,000 U.S. zip codes and was compiled in November 2026.
Kids
U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey
2019 to 2023 5-year estimates, table B09001 (population under 18 by age), for every ZIP Code Tabulation Area. Gives the number of children in each zip by age band.
CDC Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) Network
Latest estimate: 1 in 31 children (3.2%) identified with autism at age 8, based on 2022 surveillance data published April 2025. Applied to the Census child counts to estimate autistic kids per zip. The rate is adjustable because local rates vary.
CMS National Plan and Provider Enumeration System (NPPES)
The full NPI registry file, November 2026. Active NPIs counted at their practice location zip using provider taxonomy codes: 103K00000X Behavior Analyst (BCBA), 106S00000X Behavior Technician (RBT), and Type 2 organization NPIs with any ABA code (ABA organizations).
As of July 1, 2026: 85,587 BCBAs and 260,174 RBTs. NPI listings run higher (about 119,500 behavior analysts and 632,700 technicians), so "BACB-adjusted" counts scale each zip by the national ratio (0.72 for BCBAs, 0.41 for RBTs).